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讀取圖示 (Spinners)

使用 Bootstrap 讀取圖示以表示元件載入狀態，這些讀取圖示完全使用 HTML, CSS，而沒有使用到 JavaScript。

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關於

Bootstrap “讀取圖示 (spinners)” 可用於您的專案中來顯示載入狀態。它們僅使用 HTML 和 CSS 來建構，這意味著您不需要任何 JavaScript 來創建它。但您仍需要客製 JavaScript 來切換它們的顯示狀況。它們的外觀、對齊以及尺寸都可以透過我們驚人的通用類別來自定義。

基於無障礙的目標，此處每個載入器都需要包含 role="status" 和巢狀的 <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>.

該元件的動畫效果取決於 prefers-reduced-motion media queries。請參考 reduced motion section of our accessibility documentation

Border 讀取圖示

使用 border 讀取圖示來當作輕量的載入狀態顯示。

<div class="spinner-border" role="status">
  <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
</div>

顏色

The border 讀取圖示使用 currentColor 來當作它的 border-color，這代表你可以使用文字顏色通用類別來自定義它的顏色。你可以在標準的讀取圖示上使用任何通用類別中的顏色。

<div class="spinner-border text-primary" role="status">
  <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
</div>
<div class="spinner-border text-secondary" role="status">
  <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
</div>
<div class="spinner-border text-success" role="status">
  <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
</div>
<div class="spinner-border text-danger" role="status">
  <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
</div>
<div class="spinner-border text-warning" role="status">
  <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
</div>
<div class="spinner-border text-info" role="status">
  <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
</div>
<div class="spinner-border text-light" role="status">
  <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
</div>
<div class="spinner-border text-dark" role="status">
  <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
</div>

為什麼不用 border-color 通用類別呢? 因為每個 border 讀取圖示都至少有一邊是 透明 的，因此使用 .border-{color} 通用類別會覆蓋它。

漸變讀取圖示

如果你不喜歡 border 讀取圖示，可以切換到漸變讀取圖示。雖然技術上來說，它不會旋轉，但它會反覆漸變顯示！

<div class="spinner-grow" role="status">
  <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
</div>

同上，這個讀取圖示也使用 currentColor，所以你可以輕易地使用文字顏色通用類別來改變它的外觀。這邊是藍色，以及它所支援的顏色變化。

<div class="spinner-grow text-primary" role="status">
  <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
</div>
<div class="spinner-grow text-secondary" role="status">
  <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
</div>
<div class="spinner-grow text-success" role="status">
  <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
</div>
<div class="spinner-grow text-danger" role="status">
  <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
</div>
<div class="spinner-grow text-warning" role="status">
  <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
</div>
<div class="spinner-grow text-info" role="status">
  <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
</div>
<div class="spinner-grow text-light" role="status">
  <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
</div>
<div class="spinner-grow text-dark" role="status">
  <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
</div>

對齊

在 Bootstrap 中的讀取圖示是用 rem, currentColor 和 display: inline-flex。這意味著它們可以輕易地調整大小、顏色以及快速對齊。

Margin

使用 margin utilities 像是 .m-5 簡單地增加間隔。

<div class="spinner-border m-5" role="status">
  <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
</div>

位置

使用 flexbox 通用類別、float 通用類別，或是文字排版在任何情況下都可以將讀取圖示精確地放置在您需要的位置上。

Flex

<div class="d-flex justify-content-center">
  <div class="spinner-border" role="status">
    <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
  </div>
</div>

Loading...

<div class="d-flex align-items-center">
  <strong>Loading...</strong>
  <div class="spinner-border ms-auto" role="status" aria-hidden="true"></div>
</div>

Floats

<div class="clearfix">
  <div class="spinner-border float-end" role="status">
    <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
  </div>
</div>

Text align

<div class="text-center">
  <div class="spinner-border" role="status">
    <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
  </div>
</div>

尺寸

增加 .spinner-border-sm 和 .spinner-grow-sm 製作一個較小的讀取圖示，讓它可以在其他元件中快速地被使用。

<div class="spinner-border spinner-border-sm" role="status">
  <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
</div>
<div class="spinner-grow spinner-grow-sm" role="status">
  <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
</div>

或者，使用自定義 CSS 或 inline 來根據需要更改尺寸。

<div class="spinner-border" style="width: 3rem; height: 3rem;" role="status">
  <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
</div>
<div class="spinner-grow" style="width: 3rem; height: 3rem;" role="status">
  <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
</div>

按鈕

在按鈕內使用讀取圖示是表示當前正在處理或正在進行操作。您也可以依照需求使用 button text 來更換讀取圖示的文字。

<button class="btn btn-primary" type="button" disabled>
  <span class="spinner-border spinner-border-sm" role="status" aria-hidden="true"></span>
  <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
</button>
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="button" disabled>
  <span class="spinner-border spinner-border-sm" role="status" aria-hidden="true"></span>
  Loading...
</button>

<button class="btn btn-primary" type="button" disabled>
  <span class="spinner-grow spinner-grow-sm" role="status" aria-hidden="true"></span>
  <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
</button>
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="button" disabled>
  <span class="spinner-grow spinner-grow-sm" role="status" aria-hidden="true"></span>
  Loading...
</button>

Sass

Variables

$spinner-width:           2rem;
$spinner-height:          $spinner-width;
$spinner-vertical-align:  -.125em;
$spinner-border-width:    .25em;
$spinner-animation-speed: .75s;

$spinner-width-sm:        1rem;
$spinner-height-sm:       $spinner-width-sm;
$spinner-border-width-sm: .2em;

Keyframes

Used for creating the CSS animations for our spinners. Included in scss/_spinners.scss.

@keyframes spinner-border {
  to { transform: rotate(360deg) #{"/* rtl:ignore */"}; }
}

@keyframes spinner-grow {
  0% {
    transform: scale(0);
  }
  50% {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: none;
  }
}