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表格 (Tables)

Bootstrap 設置表格文件和範例 (提供表格在 JavaScript 外掛程式中的用途)

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概述

由於 <table> 橫跨其他第三方套件廣泛的使用，像是 calendars 和 date pickers，因此可選擇使用 Bootstrap 的表格。 在任何 <table> 加上基本類別 .table，接著使用我們的可選修飾類別或是自定義樣式進行擴展。所有表格樣式在 Bootstrap 中都不會繼承，意味著巢狀表格的樣式都是獨立於父表格。

使用最基本的表格排版，以下是基本的 .table 在 Bootstrap 中的外觀。

# First Last Handle
1 Mark Otto @mdo
2 Jacob Thornton @fat
3 Larry the Bird @twitter 
<table class="table">
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th scope="col">#</th>
      <th scope="col">First</th>
      <th scope="col">Last</th>
      <th scope="col">Handle</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th scope="row">1</th>
      <td>Mark</td>
      <td>Otto</td>
      <td>@mdo</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th scope="row">2</th>
      <td>Jacob</td>
      <td>Thornton</td>
      <td>@fat</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th scope="row">3</th>
      <td colspan="2">Larry the Bird</td>
      <td>@twitter</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

變數

使用語意化 class 給表格列或單元格上色。

Class Heading Heading
Default Cell Cell
Primary Cell Cell
Secondary Cell Cell
Success Cell Cell
Danger Cell Cell
Warning Cell Cell
Info Cell Cell
Light Cell Cell
Dark Cell Cell 
<!-- On tables -->
<table class="table-primary">...</table>
<table class="table-secondary">...</table>
<table class="table-success">...</table>
<table class="table-danger">...</table>
<table class="table-warning">...</table>
<table class="table-info">...</table>
<table class="table-light">...</table>
<table class="table-dark">...</table>

<!-- On rows -->
<tr class="table-primary">...</tr>
<tr class="table-secondary">...</tr>
<tr class="table-success">...</tr>
<tr class="table-danger">...</tr>
<tr class="table-warning">...</tr>
<tr class="table-info">...</tr>
<tr class="table-light">...</tr>
<tr class="table-dark">...</tr>

<!-- On cells (`td` or `th`) -->
<tr>
  <td class="table-primary">...</td>
  <td class="table-secondary">...</td>
  <td class="table-success">...</td>
  <td class="table-danger">...</td>
  <td class="table-warning">...</td>
  <td class="table-info">...</td>
  <td class="table-light">...</td>
  <td class="table-dark">...</td>
</tr>
Conveying meaning to assistive technologies

Using color to add meaning only provides a visual indication, which will not be conveyed to users of assistive technologies – such as screen readers. Ensure that information denoted by the color is either obvious from the content itself (e.g. the visible text), or is included through alternative means, such as additional text hidden with the .visually-hidden class.

表格強調

條紋行

使用 .table-striped 在 <tbody> 範圍內任何表格行增加條紋樣式。

# First Last Handle
1 Mark Otto @mdo
2 Jacob Thornton @fat
3 Larry the Bird @twitter 
<table class="table table-striped">
  ...
</table>

這些類別也可以添加到表格變數中：

# First Last Handle
1 Mark Otto @mdo
2 Jacob Thornton @fat
3 Larry the Bird @twitter 
<table class="table table-dark table-striped">
  ...
</table>
# First Last Handle
1 Mark Otto @mdo
2 Jacob Thornton @fat
3 Larry the Bird @twitter 
<table class="table table-success table-striped">
  ...
</table>

可滑入行

添加 .table-hover 以便在 <tbody> 範圍內的表格行上能夠呈現已滑入的狀態。

# First Last Handle
1 Mark Otto @mdo
2 Jacob Thornton @fat
3 Larry the Bird @twitter 
<table class="table table-hover">
  ...
</table>
# First Last Handle
1 Mark Otto @mdo
2 Jacob Thornton @fat
3 Larry the Bird @twitter 
<table class="table table-dark table-hover">
  ...
</table>

這些可滑入行也可以和條紋行的變數結合使用。

# First Last Handle
1 Mark Otto @mdo
2 Jacob Thornton @fat
3 Larry the Bird @twitter 
<table class="table table-striped table-hover">
  ...
</table>

表格啟用

透過 .table-active 類別突顯表格行或單獨的儲存格。

# First Last Handle
1 Mark Otto @mdo
2 Jacob Thornton @fat
3 Larry the Bird @twitter 
<table class="table">
  <thead>
    ...
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr class="table-active">
      ...
    </tr>
    <tr>
      ...
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th scope="row">3</th>
      <td colspan="2" class="table-active">Larry the Bird</td>
      <td>@twitter</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
# First Last Handle
1 Mark Otto @mdo
2 Jacob Thornton @fat
3 Larry the Bird @twitter 
<table class="table table-dark">
  <thead>
    ...
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr class="table-active">
      ...
    </tr>
    <tr>
      ...
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th scope="row">3</th>
      <td colspan="2" class="table-active">Larry the Bird</td>
      <td>@twitter</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

變數和表格強調如何運作？

對於表格強調（條紋行, 可滑入行, 以及 啟用表格），我們使用了一些技巧來使這些效果適用於所有變數：

  • 我們首先使用 --bs-table-bg 屬性設定單元格的背景。所有變數都加上該自定義屬性使單元格有色彩。如此若將半透明的顏色用作表格背景，我們就​​不會遇到麻煩。
  • 然後，我們在帶有 box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 9999px var(--bs-table-accent-bg); 的表格單元格上增加一個陰影，以放置在任何指定的 background-color 位置。因為我們使用了很大的色散並且沒有模糊，所以顏色將是單調的。由於預設情況下未設置 --bs-table-accent-bg，因此我們沒有預設的陰影。
  • 當加上任一 .table-striped、.table-hover 或是 .table-active 樣式，--bs-table-accent-bg 被設定為半透明背景色。
  • 我們創造了 --bs-table-accent-bg 變數具有最高對比度的顏色。例如，.table-primary 的強調色會更深，而 .table-dark 強調色較淺。
  • 文字和框線色彩生成方式相同，預設情形下會繼承其顏色。

在幕後看起來像這樣：

@mixin table-variant($state, $background) {
  .table-#{$state} {
    $color: color-contrast(opaque($body-bg, $background));
    $hover-bg: mix($color, $background, percentage($table-hover-bg-factor));
    $striped-bg: mix($color, $background, percentage($table-striped-bg-factor));
    $active-bg: mix($color, $background, percentage($table-active-bg-factor));

    --#{$variable-prefix}table-bg: #{$background};
    --#{$variable-prefix}table-striped-bg: #{$striped-bg};
    --#{$variable-prefix}table-striped-color: #{color-contrast($striped-bg)};
    --#{$variable-prefix}table-active-bg: #{$active-bg};
    --#{$variable-prefix}table-active-color: #{color-contrast($active-bg)};
    --#{$variable-prefix}table-hover-bg: #{$hover-bg};
    --#{$variable-prefix}table-hover-color: #{color-contrast($hover-bg)};

    color: $color;
    border-color: mix($color, $background, percentage($table-border-factor));
  }
}

表格邊框

帶框的表格

使用 .table-bordered 在表格和儲存格的四邊上添加邊框。

# First Last Handle
1 Mark Otto @mdo
2 Jacob Thornton @fat
3 Larry the Bird @twitter 
<table class="table table-bordered">
  ...
</table>

通用類別的邊框顏色 可以用來改變顏色:

# First Last Handle
1 Mark Otto @mdo
2 Jacob Thornton @fat
3 Larry the Bird @twitter 
<table class="table table-bordered border-primary">
  ...
</table>

無框的表格

使用 .table-borderless 使表格呈現無外部邊框。

# First Last Handle
1 Mark Otto @mdo
2 Jacob Thornton @fat
3 Larry the Bird @twitter 
<table class="table table-borderless">
  ...
</table>
# First Last Handle
1 Mark Otto @mdo
2 Jacob Thornton @fat
3 Larry the Bird @twitter 
<table class="table table-dark table-borderless">
  ...
</table>

小表格

使用 .table-sm 將儲存格 padding 縮減一半的方式讓表格更加精簡。

# First Last Handle
1 Mark Otto @mdo
2 Jacob Thornton @fat
3 Larry the Bird @twitter 
<table class="table table-sm">
  ...
</table>
# First Last Handle
1 Mark Otto @mdo
2 Jacob Thornton @fat
3 Larry the Bird @twitter 
<table class="table table-dark table-sm">
  ...
</table>

垂直對齊

<thead> 中的儲存格始終與底部垂直對齊。<tbody> 中的儲存格繼承自 <table> 頂部的對齊方式。使用 垂直對齊 類別在需要的地方重新對齊。

Heading 1 Heading 2 Heading 3 Heading 4
This cell inherits vertical-align: middle; from the table This cell inherits vertical-align: middle; from the table This cell inherits vertical-align: middle; from the table This here is some placeholder text, intended to take up quite a bit of vertical space, to demonstrate how the vertical alignment works in the preceding cells.
This cell inherits vertical-align: bottom; from the table row This cell inherits vertical-align: bottom; from the table row This cell inherits vertical-align: bottom; from the table row This here is some placeholder text, intended to take up quite a bit of vertical space, to demonstrate how the vertical alignment works in the preceding cells.
This cell inherits vertical-align: middle; from the table This cell inherits vertical-align: middle; from the table This cell is aligned to the top. This here is some placeholder text, intended to take up quite a bit of vertical space, to demonstrate how the vertical alignment works in the preceding cells. 
<div class="table-responsive">
  <table class="table align-middle">
    <thead>
      <tr>
        ...
      </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        ...
      </tr>
      <tr class="align-bottom">
        ...
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>...</td>
        <td>...</td>
        <td class="align-top">This cell is aligned to the top.</td>
        <td>...</td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>
</div>

巢狀

巢狀表格不會繼承邊框樣式，啟用樣式以及表格變數。

# First Last Handle
1 Mark Otto @mdo
Header Header Header
A First Last
B First Last
C First Last
3 Larry the Bird @twitter 
<table class="table table-striped">
  <thead>
    ...
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    ...
    <tr>
      <td colspan="4">
        <table class="table mb-0">
          ...
        </table>
      </td>
    </tr>
    ...
  </tbody>
</table>

巢狀如何運作

為了防止 任何 樣式滲透到巢狀表格，我們在 CSS 中使用子選取器 (>); 由於我們需要針對所有在 thead、 tbody 和 tfoot 中的 td 和 th，若沒有它我們的階層會變得很多。因此，我們使用看起來很奇怪的 .table > :not(caption) > * > * 選擇器來定位所有 .table 中的 td 和 th，但是沒有任何巢狀表格。

請注意，如果直接將 <tr> 作為表格的子代，則預設會將 <tr> 包裝在 <tbody> 中，從而使我們的選擇器按預期工作。

結構

表頭

與表格和深色表格類似，使用修飾符類別 .table-light 或 .table-dark 使 <thead> 呈現淺灰色或深灰色。

# First Last Handle
1 Mark Otto @mdo
2 Jacob Thornton @fat
3 Larry the Bird @twitter 
<table class="table">
  <thead class="table-light">
    ...
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    ...
  </tbody>
</table>
# First Last Handle
1 Mark Otto @mdo
2 Jacob Thornton @fat
3 Larry the Bird @twitter 
<table class="table">
  <thead class="table-dark">
    ...
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    ...
  </tbody>
</table>

表尾

# First Last Handle
1 Mark Otto @mdo
2 Jacob Thornton @fat
3 Larry the Bird @twitter
Footer Footer Footer Footer 
<table class="table">
  <thead>
    ...
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    ...
  </tbody>
  <tfoot>
    ...
  </tfoot>
</table>

表格標題

<caption> 是一個表格的標題。它可以協助使用螢幕閱讀器的用戶找到表格，了解它的內容，並且決定是否要閱讀它。

List of users
# First Last Handle
1 Mark Otto @mdo
2 Jacob Thornton @fat
3 Larry the Bird @twitter 
<table class="table table-sm">
  <caption>List of users</caption>
  <thead>
    ...
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    ...
  </tbody>
</table>

你也可以使用 .caption-top 將 <caption> 放在表格的最頂端。

List of users
# First Last Handle
1 Mark Otto @mdo
2 Jacob Thornton @fat
3 Larry the Bird @twitter 
<table class="table caption-top">
  <caption>List of users</caption>
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th scope="col">#</th>
      <th scope="col">First</th>
      <th scope="col">Last</th>
      <th scope="col">Handle</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th scope="row">1</th>
      <td>Mark</td>
      <td>Otto</td>
      <td>@mdo</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th scope="row">2</th>
      <td>Jacob</td>
      <td>Thornton</td>
      <td>@fat</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th scope="row">3</th>
      <td>Larry</td>
      <td>the Bird</td>
      <td>@twitter</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

響應式表格

響應式表格呈現水平滾動，可以使用 .table-responsive 包覆 .table 讓任何響應式表格跨裝置使用。或者 .table 中加入 .table-responsive{-sm|-md|-lg|-xl|-xxl} 創建響應式表格的最大斷點。

垂直剪裁/縮減

響應式表格將超過表格底部或頂部邊緣透過 overflow-y: hidden 將內容剪裁掉。具體而言，這會裁掉下拉式功能表和其他第三方的外掛程式。

始終呈現響應式

.table-responsive 可讓表格水平滾動來跨斷點使用。

# Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading
1 Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell
2 Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell
3 Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell 
<div class="table-responsive">
  <table class="table">
    ...
  </table>
</div>

特定斷點

根據需要的響應式表格設定 .table-responsive{-sm|-md|-lg|-xl|-xxl}。從該斷點開始，表格將正常運行並且不會水平滾動。

這些表格可能會跑版，直到它們的響應樣式應用於特定的視窗寬度。

# Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading
1 Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell
2 Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell
3 Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell
# Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading
1 Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell
2 Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell
3 Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell
# Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading
1 Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell
2 Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell
3 Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell
# Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading
1 Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell
2 Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell
3 Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell
# Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading
1 Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell
2 Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell
3 Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell
# Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading
1 Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell
2 Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell
3 Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell 
<div class="table-responsive">
  <table class="table">
    ...
  </table>
</div>

<div class="table-responsive-sm">
  <table class="table">
    ...
  </table>
</div>

<div class="table-responsive-md">
  <table class="table">
    ...
  </table>
</div>

<div class="table-responsive-lg">
  <table class="table">
    ...
  </table>
</div>

<div class="table-responsive-xl">
  <table class="table">
    ...
  </table>
</div>

<div class="table-responsive-xxl">
  <table class="table">
    ...
  </table>
</div>

Sass

Variables

$table-cell-padding-y:        .5rem;
$table-cell-padding-x:        .5rem;
$table-cell-padding-y-sm:     .25rem;
$table-cell-padding-x-sm:     .25rem;

$table-cell-vertical-align:   top;

$table-color:                 $body-color;
$table-bg:                    transparent;
$table-accent-bg:             transparent;

$table-th-font-weight:        null;

$table-striped-color:         $table-color;
$table-striped-bg-factor:     .05;
$table-striped-bg:            rgba($black, $table-striped-bg-factor);

$table-active-color:          $table-color;
$table-active-bg-factor:      .1;
$table-active-bg:             rgba($black, $table-active-bg-factor);

$table-hover-color:           $table-color;
$table-hover-bg-factor:       .075;
$table-hover-bg:              rgba($black, $table-hover-bg-factor);

$table-border-factor:         .1;
$table-border-width:          $border-width;
$table-border-color:          $border-color;

$table-striped-order:         odd;

$table-group-separator-color: currentColor;

$table-caption-color:         $text-muted;

$table-bg-scale:              -80%;

Loop

$table-variants: (
  "primary":    shift-color($primary, $table-bg-scale),
  "secondary":  shift-color($secondary, $table-bg-scale),
  "success":    shift-color($success, $table-bg-scale),
  "info":       shift-color($info, $table-bg-scale),
  "warning":    shift-color($warning, $table-bg-scale),
  "danger":     shift-color($danger, $table-bg-scale),
  "light":      $light,
  "dark":       $dark,
);

Customizing

  • factor 變數 ($table-striped-bg-factor、$table-active-bg-factor 和 $table-hover-bg-factor) 用於決定表格變化中的對比度。
  • 除了明暗表格變化外，主題顏色由 $table-bg-level 變數變亮。